What adenomyosis is
Adenomyosis is a condition where tissue similar to the lining of the uterus grows into the muscle wall of the uterus. Each month this tissue responds to hormones and bleeds, but with nowhere to go, it causes the uterine muscle to become enlarged, tender and inflamed. It's thought to affect around 1 in 5 women.
It was once considered a condition of women in their 40s, but it's now recognised in younger women too, including those in their 20s and 30s.
Symptoms
The most common symptoms are heavy periods and painful periods, often with a dragging or intense cramping pelvic pain. Some women describe a feeling of pressure or a bloated, enlarged lower abdomen. Periods may include large clots, and pain can extend beyond menstruation. Heavy bleeding can also lead to iron deficiency and fatigue.
Many women are told their heavy, painful periods are 'normal' for years before adenomyosis is considered — you don't have to accept that.
What causes it and next steps
The exact cause isn't known, but adenomyosis is hormone-dependent and tends to improve after menopause when hormone levels fall. It's more common in women who have been pregnant and can occur alongside endometriosis or fibroids. Diagnosis is usually suggested by symptoms plus an ultrasound or MRI.
If you have heavy or painful periods, they deserve proper assessment rather than being dismissed. A telehealth consult can start the process and arrange the right imaging.
References & sources
This content is general information and not a substitute for individual medical advice. Please consult a GP for your personal situation.
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