What are thyroid nodules?
Thyroid nodules are lumps within the thyroid gland. They're very common — up to half of adults have them, and the likelihood increases with age. Most are discovered incidentally during an ultrasound or physical examination for another reason.
The vast majority — over 90% — are benign. However, a small percentage can be cancerous, which is why nodules need to be assessed properly.
How are they investigated?
If a nodule is found, your GP will arrange a thyroid ultrasound to assess its characteristics. Features like size, composition (solid or fluid-filled), and appearance help determine the level of concern.
If the ultrasound suggests the nodule needs further investigation, a fine needle aspiration biopsy may be recommended — a quick procedure where a small sample of cells is taken for testing. Your GP will coordinate referrals to an endocrinologist or surgeon if needed.
When to take action
Most thyroid nodules don't cause symptoms and don't need treatment. But see your GP if you notice a lump in your neck, experience difficulty swallowing or breathing, or have voice changes.
If you've been told you have a thyroid nodule, your GP can arrange the appropriate monitoring or referral. The key message is: don't panic, but do get it properly assessed.
Related condition
Thyroid health →References & sources
- 1.Hypothyroidism — healthdirect
- 2.Thyroid gland — healthdirect
- 3.Thyroid gland — Better Health Channel
This content is general information and not a substitute for individual medical advice. Please consult a GP for your personal situation.
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