What's normal and what's not
Mild to moderate period pain (dysmenorrhoea) is common — it's caused by prostaglandins, chemicals your uterus produces to help it contract and shed its lining. Cramping, lower back ache, and mild fatigue for a day or two are typical.
But severe pain that stops you from going to school, work, or your normal activities is not normal. If painkillers barely touch it, if it lasts more than a few days, or if it's getting worse over time, it's worth investigating for conditions like endometriosis.
Self-care that helps
Heat — a hot water bottle or heat pack on your lower tummy — is one of the most effective and under-rated pain relievers. Gentle exercise (like walking or yoga) can also help by improving blood flow and releasing endorphins.
Over-the-counter NSAIDs (like ibuprofen or naproxen) are more effective than paracetamol for period pain, because they target the prostaglandins that cause it. Start taking them at the first sign of pain, or even the day before your period is due.
Medical treatment options
If self-care isn't enough, the oral contraceptive pill is often very effective for period pain — it thins the uterine lining and reduces prostaglandin production. A hormonal IUD (like Mirena) can also significantly reduce period pain and bleeding.
If your pain is severe, doesn't respond to treatment, or is accompanied by other symptoms like pain during sex or heavy bleeding, your GP should investigate further for conditions like endometriosis or adenomyosis.
Related condition
Periods & menstrual health →References & sources
- 1.Periods — Jean Hailes for Women's Health
- 2.Heavy periods — healthdirect
- 3.Menstruation — healthdirect
- 4.Heavy periods — Better Health Channel
This content is general information and not a substitute for individual medical advice. Please consult a GP for your personal situation.
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